A recent study published in JAMA Network Open explores the link between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and the risk of obesity-related cancers (ORC). The research, conducted as part of theEuropean Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), analyzed data from 450,111 participants from 10 European countries over a median period of 14.9 years.
The Mediterranean diet: An ally against cancer?
The Mediterranean diet, rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, fish and unsaturated oils, is often associated with health benefits, particularly in reducing obesity and inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine whether strong adherence to this diet could also reduce the risk of cancers linked to excess weight.
Encouraging but modest results
The findings show that participants with high adherence to the Mediterranean diet (score of 7 to 9 out of 9) had a 6% reduced risk of developing obesity-related cancer, compared with those with low adherence (score of 0 to 3). A similar effect was observed for moderate adherence (score 4 to 6).
However, the study reveals a key point: this reduction in risk is not directly linked to a reduction in waist circumference or body mass index (BMI). Other mechanisms, such as the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of the Mediterranean diet, could explain these results.
What types of cancer are most concerned?
Detailed analysis revealed a stronger association between the Mediterranean diet and certain types of cancer, including:
- Colorectal (-8%)
- Hepatocellular (-48%)
- Kidney (-33%)
- Esophagus (-34% for moderate adhesion)
However, no significant effect was observed on hormone-dependent cancers, such as postmenopausal breast cancer or endometrial cancer.
Why are these results important?
Although the impact of the Mediterranean diet on cancer prevention is modest, it is part of a broader set of health benefits. The reduction of chronic inflammation and the intake of fiber and antioxidants could play a protective role against several diseases, including cancer.
In conclusion, adopting a Mediterranean diet appears to be a beneficial strategy, even if it is not a miracle solution against obesity-related cancers. Further research is needed to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and confirm these findings on larger populations.
The original peer-reviewed publication cited in this article was published on February 25, 2025 in the journal JAMA Open Network